The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a highly structured, evidence-based communication system that allows non-verbal or minimally verbal individuals to communicate using pictures. It is a powerful tool for reducing the frustration and challenging behaviors that often stem from an inability to express needs. However, simply handing a child a book of pictures is not enough; effective PECS implementation requires fidelity to the system’s phases. Learning how to use PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) effectively for requests and feelings means understanding how to teach the child the fundamental principle: “If I give you this picture, I get what I want.”
Understanding the Mechanism
PECS is taught in six phases, moving the child from a simple exchange of one picture for one item to using sentences, responding to questions, and commenting. The system’s effectiveness comes from its focus on the communicative function—the child initiates the communication because it results in a tangible outcome (a desired item or a needed break). This immediate reinforcement is crucial.
Natural Strategies to Try
Focus on teaching the core concepts of initiation and purpose.
Phase I: The Exchange: Identify one highly motivating item (e.g., a favorite snack). When the child shows interest, guide their hand to pick up the picture of the item and exchange it with a communication partner. Immediately deliver the item, saying only the name of the item: “Cracker!”
Expanding to Requests (Phase III): Once the child consistently exchanges a single picture, introduce the sentence strip to teach the phrase: “I want _____.” The child must attach the desired picture to the strip and give the strip to you. Always model the full sentence when you deliver the item.
Communicating Feelings: To express feelings, use a feelings-only page on the PECS book. When you notice a strong emotion, prompt the child to use the picture: “You look frustrated. Show me how you feel.” Reward the communication with a relevant action (a hug, a quiet break, etc.).
Lifestyle Tips for Long-Term Success
Integration and immediate reinforcement are key for making PECS a functional skill.
Always Have Access: The PECS book or communication binder must be accessible at all times, including on outings, at school, and during high-demand times like mealtimes.
Don’t Anticipate: When you know what the child wants, resist the urge to give it to them immediately. Create a momentary communication need by waiting for them to use the PECS system. This strengthens the communication skill.
Involve Everyone: Ensure all communication partners (siblings, grandparents, teachers) are trained on the same protocols and use the same language modeling to maintain consistency across environments.
Knowing how to use PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) effectively for requests and feelings transforms communication from a source of frustration into a powerful tool for independence. PECS gives your child a functional voice. What is the one item you can use to start teaching the Phase I exchange today?